See -el in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-eel"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eel"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-sel"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-el",
"word": "־על"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ālis<id:adjectivizing suffix>",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form an adjective"
],
"id": "en--el-fro-suffix-SZXlquuA",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛl/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Angevin",
"lang_code": "roa-ang",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon",
"lang_code": "roa-bbn",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "-eâ"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-eau"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-ë"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-iao"
},
{
"lang": "Lorrain",
"lang_code": "roa-lor",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "iaô"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "-ieu"
},
{
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"word": "-ea"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "-ea"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-elle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eylle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yll"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ylle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ellus",
"id": "diminutive",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ellus, from -ulus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ellus, from -ulus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form a diminutive"
],
"id": "en--el-fro-suffix-EiXUgVz7",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛl/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old French diminutive suffixes",
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-eel"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eel"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-sel"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-el",
"word": "־על"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ālis<id:adjectivizing suffix>",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form an adjective"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛl/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old French diminutive suffixes",
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Angevin",
"lang_code": "roa-ang",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon",
"lang_code": "roa-bbn",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "-eâ"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-eau"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-ë"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-iao"
},
{
"lang": "Lorrain",
"lang_code": "roa-lor",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "iaô"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "-ieu"
},
{
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"word": "-ea"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "-ea"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ell"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-elle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eylle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yll"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ylle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ellus",
"id": "diminutive",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ellus, from -ulus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nInherited from Latin -ellus, from -ulus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form a diminutive"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛl/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -el meaning in Old French (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.